| 400's BC | Pentateuch-first five books of the Old Testament evolve in final form | ||
| 400's | Celts from the Alps flowed into Italy | ||
| 400's | Monogoloid people from entered Japan to mix with the Jomon people | ||
| 400's | Europe | Herodotus of Halicarnassus reported a merchant from Samos named Colacus landed at the Tartessus (modern River Guadalquivir in southern Spain) where he found tribes of Keltoi working the silver mines. | |
| 400's | Greece | Herodotus was the first historian to write comprehensive stories | |
| 499 | Greece | Ionians, Athens revolted against early Persian tyrants Greeks burned Sardis, Darius I of Persia sacked Miletus, ending the revolution |
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| 493 | Rome allied with Latin League, a federation of cities in Latium for war assistance | ||
| 490 | Greece | Greeks defeat attacking Persians, Battle of Marathon Sept 9th | |
| 475 | Europe | Boii and Insubres Celts defeated the Etruscan empire armies at Ticiano, taking control of the Po valley. | |
| 470 | Greece | Soccrates was born in Athens (469?) | |
| 467 | Greece | Meteorites convince Greeks heavenly bodies were not divine beings after all | |
| 464 | Greece | Third Messenian War | |
| 460 | Greece | Hippocrates born First Peloponnesian War, Persia against the Greeks |
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| 450 | Greece | Herodotus' journey to Scythian lands north of the Black Sea to hear tales of "Amazon" women who were fierce killers of men, meaning 'without one breast' | |
| 449 | Greece | Second Sacred War | |
| 447 | Greece | Parthenon is built as temple to goddess Athena in Athens (to 432) | |
| 445 | Palestine | Nehemiah rebuilt walls of Jerusalem | |
| 431 | Greece | Spartans finally defeat Athens in Peloponnesian Wars (to 404) | |
| 427 | Greece | Plato, real name Aristocles, was born | |
| 409 | Phoenicia | Sicily becomes part of Carthage | |
| 405 | Egypt | Persian rule of Egypt ended | |
| 396 | Europe | Celts defeated the Etruscans at Melpum (Melzo, west of Milan) | |
| 390 | Europe | Senones Celts ('the veterans') led by Brennus defeated the Romans in Rome (July 19) so badly it took the Romans 200 years to recover. After seven months and a ransom of 100 pounds of gold, the Celts moved along to Picenum on Italy's eastern seaboard | |
| 334-335 | Europe | Alexander of Macedonia met the Celts on the Danube banks to make an agreement: The Celts would not attack his empire while he was off conquering in the east. Only after his death they expanded to Moravia and Thace. | |
| 332 | Syria | Hellenistic period, Antioch became capital, not Damascus | |
| 332 | Alexander the Great ruled Egypt | ||
| Alexander the Great took Babylonia | |||
| Alexander the Great ruled all of Israel | |||
| Alexander the Great took control of Phoenicia | |||
| 333 | Alexander the Great conquered Anatolia | ||
| 333 | Alexander the Great conquered Syria | ||
| 323 | Alexander died in Babylon, June 13 | ||
| 323 | Egypt | Egypt controlled by the Ptolemies of Egypt | |
| 323 | Palestine | Ptolemy of Egypt ruled to 198 | |
| 305 | Kingdom of the Seleucids was founded by Seleucus I, ruled Babylon and Syria | ||
| 301 | Anatolia | Ptolomies and Seleucids divided Anatolia | |
| Forward in time | 200's BC | |
| Backwards in time | 600's BC to 500's BC | |
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